EA Binding

## Binding in Dashboards - Bindings enable interaction among the widgets in the Dashboard - Control the interactions by **binding** steps to each other ### 2 types of binding, which triggers updates in other steps in the Dashboard: 1. **Selection** binding - updates a step based on the selection by the user in a widget - interactive Can be used specify interactions between widgets which use steps from **different datasets** 2. **Results** binding - updates a step based on the results of the another step Use case: Define intermediate results for a complex calculation. **Calculate the total opportunity amount for the top-5 products:** - use one step to calculate the top-five products - use those results to *filter* another step that calculates the total number opportunity amount for each product ### Steps needed before making the widgets interactive - Faceting - most common way to specify interactions between widgets - When facted, selections made in one widget automatically filter **all other** widgets when they are using **steps** from the **same dataset** (scope) - Faceting works only on the **steps** from the **same dataset** - To create interactions outside, **binding is the way** ### Bindings in Dashboard Designer Dashboards - Both types of bindings operate on tabular data and return complete rows, even for columns not used in widgets - The dashboard designer treats *multiple selections as tabular data* and *single selections* as a *single row* of tabular data. ### Syntax ```java stepId.result|selection // example: myStaticStep.selection "{{Data_Selection_Function(step_name.Binding_Function, Details_From_Reference_Step).Data_Serialization_Function()}}" ``` - Data Selection Function - cell, column or row - what data is being selected from a step or table - Step Name ### Binding Functions - To get data from a **source step**, **manipulate it**, and **serialize** it to make it consumable by the target step Binding functions operate on input data with one the following shapes: 1. Scalar like: ``` 0, "hello world" ``` 2. 1-D array like: ``` [10,20,30], ["North", "South", "East", "West"] ``` 3. 2-D array like: ``` [ ["Apple", "Mango"], ["Oak", "Pine"] ] ``` - Each binding must have one **data selection function** and one **data serialization** function and optionally can have multiple **data manipulation** functions.

## Measure Binding Demo  ### Key items - Static Step (StaticMeasureNames_1) values ```json "values": [ { "display": "Total Amount", "value": [ "sum", "Amount" ] }, { "display": "Avg Amount", "value": [ "avg", "Amount" ] } ] ``` - Query for the receiving step (Account_Type_1) ```json "query": { "measures": "{{column(StaticMeasureNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}", "groups": [ "Account_Type" ] } ``` - Note columnMap: null change required Reason: Because when you change the query, the set of fields will likely be different from what’s in the columnMap section. When you replace the columnMap property with **an empty columns array, the system remaps** the columns based on the new query definition ### Demo  ### Dashboard JSON ```json { "label": "Binding Demo Dashboard", "mobileDisabled": false, "state": { "steps": { "StaticMeasureNames_1": { "type": "staticflex", "numbers": [], "strings": [], "groups": [], "broadcastFacet": true, "selectMode": "singlerequired", "label": "StaticMeasureNames", "start": { "display": [ "Total Amount" ] }, "values": [ { "display": "Total Amount", "value": [ "sum", "Amount" ] }, { "display": "Avg Amount", "value": [ "avg", "Amount" ] } ] }, "Account_Type_1": { "type": "aggregateflex", "query": { "measures": "{{column(StaticMeasureNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}", "groups": [ "Account_Type" ] }, "visualizationParameters": { "options": {}, "type": "chart", "parameters": { "visualizationType": "hbar", "autoFitMode": "keepLabels", "theme": "wave", "title": { "label": "", "fontSize": 14, "subtitleLabel": "", "subtitleFontSize": 11, "align": "center" }, "showValues": true, "axisMode": "multi", "binValues": false, "bins": { "breakpoints": { "low": 0, "high": 100 }, "bands": { "low": { "label": "", "color": "#B22222" }, "medium": { "label": "", "color": "#ffa500" }, "high": { "label": "", "color": "#008000" } } }, "dimensionAxis": { "showAxis": true, "showTitle": true, "title": "", "customSize": "auto", "icons": { "useIcons": false, "iconProps": { "column": "", "fit": "cover", "type": "round" } } }, "measureAxis1": { "sqrtScale": false, "showAxis": true, "customDomain": { "showDomain": false }, "showTitle": true, "title": "" }, "measureAxis2": { "sqrtScale": false, "showAxis": true, "customDomain": { "showDomain": false }, "showTitle": true, "title": "" }, "legend": { "show": true, "showHeader": true, "inside": false, "descOrder": false, "position": "right-top", "customSize": "auto" }, "tooltip": { "customizeTooltip": false, "showDimensions": true, "dimensions": "", "showMeasures": true, "measures": "", "showPercentage": true, "showNullValues": true, "showBinLabel": true }, "trellis": { "enable": false, "showGridLines": true, "flipLabels": false, "type": "x", "chartsPerLine": 4, "size": [ 100, 100 ] }, "applyConditionalFormatting": true, "showActionMenu": true, "columnMap": null } }, "datasets": [ { "id": "0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW", "name": "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE", "label": "DTC Opportunity", "url": "/services/data/v46.0/wave/datasets/0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW" } ], "useGlobal": true, "isGlobal": false, "broadcastFacet": true, "receiveFacet": true, "selectMode": "single" } }, "widgets": { "chart_1": { "type": "chart", "parameters": { "visualizationType": "hbar", "autoFitMode": "keepLabels", "theme": "wave", "title": { "label": "", "fontSize": 14, "subtitleLabel": "", "subtitleFontSize": 11, "align": "center" }, "showValues": true, "axisMode": "multi", "binValues": false, "bins": { "breakpoints": { "low": 0, "high": 100 }, "bands": { "low": { "label": "", "color": "#B22222" }, "medium": { "label": "", "color": "#ffa500" }, "high": { "label": "", "color": "#008000" } } }, "dimensionAxis": { "showAxis": true, "showTitle": true, "title": "", "customSize": "auto", "icons": { "useIcons": false, "iconProps": { "column": "", "fit": "cover", "type": "round" } } }, "measureAxis1": { "sqrtScale": false, "showAxis": true, "customDomain": { "showDomain": false }, "showTitle": true, "title": "" }, "measureAxis2": { "sqrtScale": false, "showAxis": true, "customDomain": { "showDomain": false }, "showTitle": true, "title": "" }, "legend": { "show": true, "showHeader": true, "inside": false, "descOrder": false, "position": "right-top", "customSize": "auto" }, "tooltip": { "customizeTooltip": false, "showDimensions": true, "dimensions": "", "showMeasures": true, "measures": "", "showPercentage": true, "showNullValues": true, "showBinLabel": true }, "trellis": { "enable": false, "showGridLines": true, "flipLabels": false, "type": "x", "chartsPerLine": 4, "size": [ 100, 100 ] }, "applyConditionalFormatting": true, "showActionMenu": true, "columnMap": null, "step": "Account_Type_1" } }, "pillbox_1": { "type": "pillbox", "parameters": { "compact": false, "showActionMenu": true, "exploreLink": false, "fontSize": 14, "textColor": "#0070D2", "selectedTab": { "textColor": "#FFFFFF", "backgroundColor": "#0070D2", "borderEdges": [ "all" ], "borderColor": "#C6D3E1", "borderWidth": 1 }, "step": "StaticMeasureNames_1" } } }, "filters": [], "gridLayouts": [ { "name": "Default", "numColumns": 12, "rowHeight": "normal", "version": 1, "pages": [ { "label": "BindingDemo1", "name": "fc29efa5-0f70-4c60-bd5c-b0d653b7b9a3", "widgets": [ { "row": 2, "column": 2, "rowspan": 5, "colspan": 6, "name": "chart_1", "widgetStyle": {} }, { "row": 1, "column": 2, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 5, "name": "pillbox_1", "widgetStyle": {} } ], "navigationHidden": false } ], "selectors": [], "style": { "backgroundColor": "#F2F6FA", "gutterColor": "#C5D3E0", "cellSpacingX": 8, "cellSpacingY": 8, "fit": "original", "alignmentX": "left", "alignmentY": "top" } } ], "dataSourceLinks": [], "widgetStyle": { "backgroundColor": "#FFFFFF", "borderEdges": [], "borderColor": "#E6ECF2", "borderWidth": 1, "borderRadius": 0 } }, "datasets": [ { "name": "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE", "url": "/services/data/v46.0/wave/datasets/0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW", "id": "0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW" } ] } ```

## Measures and Grouping Bindings demo  ### Key items - Static Step (StaticGroupingNames_1) values ```json "values": [ { "display": "Type", "value": "Account_Type" }, { "display": "Industry", "value": "Industry" } ] ``` - Query for the receiving step (Account_Type_1) ```json "query": { "measures": "{{column(StaticMeasureNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}", "groups": "{{column(StaticGroupingNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}" } ``` ### Demo  ### Dashboard JSON ```json { "label": "Binding Demo Dashboard", "mobileDisabled": false, "state": { "dataSourceLinks": [], "filters": [], "gridLayouts": [ { "name": "Default", "numColumns": 12, "pages": [ { "label": "BindingDemo1", "name": "fc29efa5-0f70-4c60-bd5c-b0d653b7b9a3", "navigationHidden": false, "widgets": [ { "colspan": 10, "column": 0, "name": "chart_1", "row": 4, "rowspan": 6, "widgetStyle": { "borderEdges": [] } }, { "colspan": 5, "column": 2, "name": "pillbox_1", "row": 1, "rowspan": 1, "widgetStyle": { "borderEdges": [] } }, { "colspan": 5, "column": 2, "name": "pillbox_2", "row": 2, "rowspan": 1, "widgetStyle": { "borderEdges": [] } }, { "colspan": 2, "column": 0, "name": "text_1", "row": 1, "rowspan": 1, "widgetStyle": { "borderEdges": [] } }, { "colspan": 2, "column": 0, "name": "text_2", "row": 2, "rowspan": 1, "widgetStyle": { "borderEdges": [] } } ] } ], "rowHeight": "normal", "selectors": [], "style": { "alignmentX": "left", "alignmentY": "top", "backgroundColor": "#F2F6FA", "cellSpacingX": 8, "cellSpacingY": 8, "fit": "original", "gutterColor": "#C5D3E0" }, "version": 1 } ], "layouts": [], "steps": { "StaticMeasureNames_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "label": "StaticMeasureNames", "selectMode": "singlerequired", "start": { "display": [ "Total Amount" ] }, "type": "staticflex", "values": [ { "display": "Total Amount", "value": [ "sum", "Amount" ] }, { "display": "Avg Amount", "value": [ "avg", "Amount" ] } ] }, "Account_Type_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "datasets": [ { "id": "0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW", "label": "DTC Opportunity", "name": "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE", "url": "/services/data/v46.0/wave/datasets/0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW" } ], "isGlobal": false, "query": { "measures": "{{column(StaticMeasureNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}", "groups": "{{column(StaticGroupingNames_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}" }, "receiveFacet": true, "selectMode": "single", "type": "aggregateflex", "useGlobal": true, "visualizationParameters": { "parameters": { "autoFitMode": "keepLabels", "showValues": true, "bins": { "breakpoints": { "high": 100, "low": 0 }, "bands": { "high": { "color": "#008000", "label": "" }, "low": { "color": "#B22222", "label": "" }, "medium": { "color": "#ffa500", "label": "" } } }, "legend": { "descOrder": false, "showHeader": true, "show": true, "customSize": "auto", "position": "right-top", "inside": false }, "axisMode": "multi", "tooltip": { "showBinLabel": true, "measures": "", "showNullValues": true, "showPercentage": true, "showDimensions": true, "showMeasures": true, "customizeTooltip": false, "dimensions": "" }, "visualizationType": "hbar", "title": { "fontSize": 14, "subtitleFontSize": 11, "label": "", "align": "center", "subtitleLabel": "" }, "binValues": false, "trellis": { "flipLabels": false, "showGridLines": true, "size": [ 100, 100 ], "enable": false, "type": "x", "chartsPerLine": 4 }, "columnMap": null, "showActionMenu": true, "measureAxis2": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "measureAxis1": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "theme": "wave", "dimensionAxis": { "showTitle": true, "customSize": "auto", "showAxis": true, "title": "", "icons": { "useIcons": false, "iconProps": { "fit": "cover", "column": "", "type": "round" } } }, "applyConditionalFormatting": true }, "type": "chart" } }, "StaticGroupingNames_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "label": "StaticGroupingNames", "selectMode": "single", "start": { "display": [ "Type" ] }, "type": "staticflex", "values": [ { "display": "Type", "value": "Account_Type" }, { "display": "Industry", "value": "Industry" } ] } }, "widgetStyle": { "backgroundColor": "#FFFFFF", "borderColor": "#E6ECF2", "borderEdges": [], "borderRadius": 0, "borderWidth": 1 }, "widgets": { "pillbox_2": { "parameters": { "compact": false, "exploreLink": false, "fontSize": 14, "selectedTab": { "backgroundColor": "#0070D2", "borderColor": "#C6D3E1", "borderEdges": [ "all" ], "borderWidth": 1, "textColor": "#FFFFFF" }, "showActionMenu": true, "step": "StaticGroupingNames_1", "textColor": "#0070D2" }, "type": "pillbox" }, "pillbox_1": { "parameters": { "compact": false, "exploreLink": false, "fontSize": 14, "selectedTab": { "backgroundColor": "#0070D2", "borderColor": "#C6D3E1", "borderEdges": [ "all" ], "borderWidth": 1, "textColor": "#FFFFFF" }, "showActionMenu": true, "step": "StaticMeasureNames_1", "textColor": "#0070D2" }, "type": "pillbox" }, "text_1": { "parameters": { "fontSize": 16, "showActionMenu": true, "text": "Measures", "textAlignment": "left", "textColor": "#091A3E" }, "type": "text" }, "text_2": { "parameters": { "fontSize": 16, "showActionMenu": true, "text": "Groups", "textAlignment": "left", "textColor": "#091A3E" }, "type": "text" }, "chart_1": { "parameters": { "autoFitMode": "keepLabels", "showValues": true, "bins": { "breakpoints": { "high": 100, "low": 0 }, "bands": { "high": { "color": "#008000", "label": "" }, "low": { "color": "#B22222", "label": "" }, "medium": { "color": "#ffa500", "label": "" } } }, "legend": { "descOrder": false, "showHeader": true, "show": true, "customSize": "auto", "position": "right-top", "inside": false }, "axisMode": "multi", "tooltip": { "showBinLabel": true, "measures": "", "showNullValues": true, "showPercentage": true, "showDimensions": true, "showMeasures": true, "customizeTooltip": false, "dimensions": "" }, "visualizationType": "hbar", "title": { "fontSize": 14, "subtitleFontSize": 11, "label": "", "align": "center", "subtitleLabel": "" }, "binValues": false, "trellis": { "flipLabels": false, "showGridLines": true, "size": [ 100, 100 ], "enable": false, "type": "x", "chartsPerLine": 4 }, "showActionMenu": true, "measureAxis2": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "measureAxis1": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "theme": "wave", "step": "Account_Type_1", "dimensionAxis": { "showTitle": true, "customSize": "auto", "showAxis": true, "title": "", "icons": { "useIcons": false, "iconProps": { "fit": "cover", "column": "", "type": "round" } } }, "applyConditionalFormatting": true }, "type": "chart" } } }, "datasets": [ { "id": "0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW", "label": "DTC Opportunity", "name": "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE", "url": "/services/data/v46.0/wave/datasets/0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW" } ] } ```

### Sample EA Binding diagram 

## Order Bindings ``` asOrder() ``` is used as serialization function to specify the sort order in a SAQL query. Example: ``` // sortOrderSourceStep: [ {order: "State", direction: "desc"} {order: "City", direction: "asc"} ] // Binding Query: q = order q by {{ cell(sortOrderSourceStep.selection, 1, "order").asOrder() }}; // This get evaluated to (based on the selection by the user) q = order q by 'State'; // OR q = order q by 'City'; // Order multiple fields: q = order q by {{column(sortOrderSourceStep.selection, ["order"]).asOrder()}}; // This get evaluated to: q = order q by ('State', 'City'); // To specify the order and the direction: q = order q by {{row(sortOrderSourceStep.selection, [], ["order", "direction"]).asOrder()}}; // This get evaluated to: q = order q by ('State' desc, 'City' asc); ```

### Key portions of the Dashboard JSON ``` "steps": { "opptyName_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "label": "opptyName", "selectMode": "singlerequired", "type": "staticflex", "values": [ { "display": "Abbott1184", "value": "Opportunity for Abbott1184" }, { "display": "Allen1162", "value": "Opportunity for Allen1162" } ], "numbers": [], "strings": [], "groups": [] }, "soql": { "groups": [ "Name" ], "numbers": [ "Amount" ], "query": "SELECT Name, Amount from Opportunity WHERE NAME IN ('{{column(opptyName_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}')", "selectMode": "single", "strings": [ "Name" ], "type": "soql" }, "soql2": { "groups": [], "numbers": [ "Amount" ], "query": "SELECT Name, CloseDate, StageName, Owner.Name, Amount, Account.Name FROM Opportunity ", "selectMode": "single", "strings": [ "Name", "CloseDate", "StageName", "Owner.Name", "Account.Name" ], "type": "soql" }, "opptyName_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "label": "opptyName", "selectMode": "singlerequired", "type": "staticflex", "values": [ { "display": "Abbott1184", "value": "Opportunity for Abbott1184" }, { "display": "Allen1162", "value": "Opportunity for Allen1162" } ], "numbers": [], "strings": [], "groups": [] }, "staticIndustry_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "label": "staticIndustry", "selectMode": "singlerequired", "type": "staticflex", "values": [ { "display": "Industry", "value": "Industry" }, { "display": "Type", "value": "Account_Type" } ], "numbers": [], "strings": [], "groups": [] }, "Industry_1": { "broadcastFacet": true, "datasets": [ { "id": "0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW", "label": "DTC Opportunity", "name": "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE", "url": "/services/data/v46.0/wave/datasets/0Fb1N000000LK1NSAW" } ], "isGlobal": false, "query": { "measures": [ [ "count", "*" ] ], "groups": [ "{{column(staticIndustry_1.selection,[\"value\"]).asObject()}}" ] }, "receiveFacet": true, "selectMode": "single", "type": "aggregateflex", "useGlobal": true, "visualizationParameters": { "parameters": { "autoFitMode": "keepLabels", "showValues": true, "bins": { "breakpoints": { "high": 100, "low": 0 }, "bands": { "high": { "color": "#008000", "label": "" }, "low": { "color": "#B22222", "label": "" }, "medium": { "color": "#ffa500", "label": "" } } }, "legend": { "showHeader": true, "show": true, "customSize": "auto", "position": "right-top", "inside": false }, "axisMode": "multi", "tooltip": { "showBinLabel": true, "measures": "", "showPercentage": true, "showDimensions": true, "showMeasures": true, "customizeTooltip": false, "dimensions": "" }, "visualizationType": "hbar", "title": { "fontSize": 14, "subtitleFontSize": 11, "label": "", "align": "center", "subtitleLabel": "" }, "binValues": false, "trellis": { "flipLabels": false, "showGridLines": true, "size": [ 100, 100 ], "enable": false, "type": "x", "chartsPerLine": 4 }, "columnMap": { "trellis": [], "dimensionAxis": [ "Industry" ], "plots": [ "count" ] }, "measureAxis2": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "measureAxis1": { "sqrtScale": false, "showTitle": true, "showAxis": true, "title": "", "customDomain": { "showDomain": false } }, "theme": "wave", "dimensionAxis": { "showTitle": true, "customSize": "auto", "showAxis": true, "title": "", "icons": { "useIcons": false, "iconProps": { "fit": "cover", "column": "", "type": "round" } } } }, "type": "chart", "options": {} } } } ``` ### Another Example of binding in SOQL - Here you will get IN for SOQL query clause as: ``` IN [ 'Name1', 'Name2'] ``` #### Portion of the Dashboard JSON covering this ``` "soqlStep2": { "groups": [], "query": "SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Name IN ('{{join(column(step_5.selection, [\"Name\"]), \"','\").asString()}}') ", "selectMode": "single", "strings": [ "Id" ], "type": "soql" }

### Multi Selection Example  #### Binding ``` "query": { "groups": "{{column(typer_1.selection,['value']).asObject() }}" } ``` #### Dashboard Inspector - Binding 

### Date Conversion Example 

### How to do MAX(date) in SAQL ``` q = load "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE"; q = group q by all; q = foreach q generate max(Amount) as 'max_amount', count() as counts, toDate(max (Close_Date_sec_epoch)) as MaxCloseDate; q = limit q 2000; ``` 

### Links - [EA binding developer guide](https://resources.docs.salesforce.com/220/latest/en-us/sfdc/pdf/bi_dev_guide_bindings.pdf) - [Optimize Dashboard Performance](https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=bi_dashboards_inspector.htm&type=5) - [Analytics Extended Metadata (XMD) Reference](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.220.0.bi_dev_guide_xmd.meta/bi_dev_guide_xmd/bi_xmd_intro.htm) - [Einstein Analytics: Demystifying Bindings – Part 1-9](https://www.salesforceblogger.com/2018/12/23/einstein-analytics-demystifying-bindings-part-2/) - [SOQL Step in Salesforce Analytics Cloud Wave - Andrew Price](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oq1Xu94ngdY) - [Binding Basics 4: Dynamic Limit and Results Binding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-__wUH9448) - [Add a List Widget to Filter Dashboard Results Based on a Dimension](https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=bi_dashboard_widgets_filter_list_add_flex.htm&type=5) - [Einstein Analytics Tech Lounge Mini-Series](http://salesforce.vidyard.com/watch/5UpTbk6D24GdBzyZof2dWf)